Seasonings not only help to add flavor and aroma to the dish, but also help control blood sugar levels. You can take the juice of one lemon or lime and add it to a salad, stewed vegetables or fish. You can add garlic and onions to the meat. The use of dried herbs will help to give originality to familiar dishes. Meat can also be marinated before cooking.
Heat treatment of products plays an important role
Heat treatment of foods that use a lot of oil and fat should be avoided. Preference should be given to cooking, baking, steaming.
Heat treatment can strip an initially healthy product of all the vitamins. Many people with diabetes think they eat healthy foods by deep-frying vegetables. This is the worst cooking option. The best option is steaming.
The concept of glycemic index of products
The glycemic index of products is a digital indicator of the effect on the level of glucose in the blood of a particular food after its use. The lower the GI, the less XE the food contains. XE is a measure of carbohydrate content in food. Be sure to indicate in your personal diabetes diary the amount of XE consumed in order to correctly calculate the dose of short-acting insulin.
The main diet of the patient should consist of products in which the GI does not exceed 50 PIECES. It is occasionally permissible to consume food with a GI of up to 70 units. But this is the exception rather than the rule. Some foods do not have a glycemic indicator. But do not assume that they are allowed in the menu. It is also necessary to pay attention to the calorie content of food.
Some vegetables with different heat treatment may have different GI. A vivid example of this is carrots. In fresh form its GI is equal to 35 PIECES, but in boiled 85 PIECES. Also, if vegetables and fruits are brought to the consistency of mashed potatoes, then their index will increase.
GI is divided into three groups:
- up to 50 PIECES - such products make up the main diet,
- 50 - 70 PIECES - food is allowed 1 - 2 times a week,
- over 70 PIECES - banned, provokes a sharp jump in blood sugar.
In addition, it should be borne in mind that juices are strictly prohibited from fruits, even those that have a low GI. One glass of fruit juice can increase sugar levels by 4 mmol / L in 10 minutes. The explanation is quite simple. With this treatment, the fruit "loses" fiber, which is responsible for the uniform supply of glucose.
It is also necessary to adhere to certain rules of cooking. In the first type of diabetes, the following heat treatments are allowed:
- boil
- for a couple
- Grilled,
- in a slow cooker
- in the microwave
- in the oven
- simmer in water with a little vegetable oil.
Adhering to the above rules, you can independently form dishes for type 1 diabetics.
"Safe" products for the first, second courses and pastries
Diabetic nutrition should contain vegetables, fruits, cereals and animal products. From them you can cook many soups, meat and fish dishes, pastries, as well as complex side dishes.
In the first half of the day, it is better to eat foods containing complex carbohydrates, but for the second dinner, limit yourself to a glass of fermented milk product - kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt.
Fruits and pastries should be eaten in the afternoon - for the first and second breakfast, or lunch. This will provide glucose that has entered the bloodstream with an “easier” assimilation due to the physical activity of the person.
Of vegetables, insulin-dependent diabetics are allowed:
- eggplant,
- onion,
- squash,
- garlic,
- all types of cabbage (white, cauliflower, broccoli, red cabbage),
- a tomato,
- zucchini
- green, red and bell peppers,
- leek.
Of fruits, you can eat the following, but not more than 150 - 200 grams per day:
- Strawberry,
- raspberries,
- all kinds of apples
- apricot,
- pear,
- peach,
- nectarine,
- persimmon,
- wild strawberries.
Fruits can be used in baking, desserts and salads. Fruit salad is prepared from permitted fruits, according to personal taste preferences and seasoned with unsweetened yogurt or kefir.
Meat, offal and fish should be present in the daily diet for lunch and dinner. They are allowed to stew, bake and fry. The following are allowed:
- chicken,
- beef,
- turkey,
- rabbit meat
- beef tongue
- chicken and beef liver,
- low-fat varieties of fish - pollock, hake, perch, pike.
The meat is taken lean, the skin and the remaining fat are removed from it. It is a mistake to believe that only chicken can be eaten from chicken, on the contrary, doctors recommend chicken legs. They are rich in iron.
In cooking, you can use chicken eggs, but not more than one per day. The protein GI is 0 PIECES; in the yolk, the indicator is 50 PIECES.
For baking, you should choose rye, buckwheat and oatmeal. You can cook the latter yourself - grind oatmeal in a blender or coffee grinder to a powder state.
Low GI dairy and sour milk products:
- cottage cheese,
- whole milk, skim, soy,
- tofu cheese
- kefir,
- unsweetened yogurt,
- yogurt
- fermented baked milk,
- cream with a fat content of 10%.
Using these foods will make your meals diabetic and help control your blood sugar.
Meat dishes
Meat recipes for type 1 diabetics can include meatballs, meatballs, zrazy and chops. They must be prepared with a small amount of vegetable oil, or steamed. The latter method is the most optimal, as food will retain a greater amount of nutrients.
As a side dish for meat, both stewed vegetables and cereals are well combined. It should only be remembered that it is forbidden to add vegetable oil to cereals. It has an average GI and high calorie content. It is better to season porridge with vegetable oil.
To cook meatballs, brown (brown) rice is used, the GI of which is lower than that of white rice. By taste, these rice varieties do not differ from each other, though brown rice is cooked for a little longer - 40 - 45 minutes.
Meatballs can be a full-fledged meat dish, such ingredients will be required for cooking:
- chicken fillet - 300 grams,
- boiled brown rice - 200 grams,
- one egg,
- garlic - 2 cloves,
- lesson and parsley - a few branches,
- tomato juice with pulp - 150 ml,
- vegetable oil - 1 tablespoon,
- salt, ground black pepper - to taste.
Grind the chicken fillet in a blender or meat grinder, add the garlic, rice, passed through the press, add salt and pepper to taste. Form meatballs. Grease the baking dish with vegetable oil, lay the meatballs and pour the tomato juice into which the chopped greens were added. Bake at 180 ° C for 35 minutes.
Complex chicken dishes can also be prepared from chicken breast, for example, chicken on a vegetable pillow. Ingredients per Serving:
- chicken fillet - 1 pc.,
- three medium tomatoes
- garlic - 3 cloves,
- one bell pepper
- parsley and dill - a few branches,
- vegetable oil - 1.5 tablespoons,
- purified water - 100 ml,
- salt, ground black pepper - to taste.
Cut the fillet into cubes three centimeters, lay on the bottom of the stewpan, pre-lubricating it with vegetable oil, salt and pepper. Place half of the tomato, also diced, on top, peel them. To do this, tomatoes are boiled with boiling water, so the peel is easily peeled.
Sprinkle tomatoes with finely chopped garlic and herbs, then peel the peppers and cut into strips, lay on top and re-place the remaining tomato. Pour in water. Simmer under cover for 50 - 55 minutes.
Diversify your diabetic diet with possibly baked beef. You must choose beef tenderloin without fat. Grate it with salt and black pepper, stuff with bay leaf and garlic, leave in the refrigerator for at least two hours. After the lapse of time, wrap the meat in foil, put in a mold and pour it a little water. This is necessary to make the beef juicy. Bake in the oven at a temperature of 180 C, one and a half hours.
Baked beef is served with a side dish in the form of porridge, for example, pearl barley or buckwheat.
Vegetable dishes
In the first type of diabetes, vegetables can be eaten raw, as salads, as well as prepare a variety of complex side dishes from them. These products can be used in any meal.
The minimum daily intake of vegetables is 200 grams. Unlike fruit juices, which are forbidden to diabetics of any type, tomato juice is allowed to be included in the daily diet. The daily portion starts from 100 grams, and during the week increases to 200 grams. Vegetable recipes for type 1 diabetics can be cooked on the stove, in the oven and in the slow cooker.
A safe side dish that has only 0.1 XE is fried green beans with lemon. It goes well with both meat and fish dishes. Two servings will require the following ingredients:
- green beans - 400 grams,
- zest of one lemon
- a bunch of basil,
- vegetable oil - 2 tablespoons,
- purified water - 100 ml,
- salt to taste.
Pour vegetable oil into a frying pan with high sides and heat, pour beans and cook over high heat for 1 - 2 minutes, stirring continuously. After reducing the heat, add lemon zest and finely chopped basil, add water, simmer over low heat for another 3-4 minutes. This dish is suitable not only for diabetics, but also for people seeking to lose weight.
In the ripening season of vegetables, the preparation of vegetable stew becomes relevant. It should not be forgotten that adding potatoes is highly undesirable because of its high GI. If, however, it was decided to cook stew with potatoes, then you must first soak the potatoes overnight in cold water. Thanks to this procedure, excess starch will be removed from the tubers.
- one squash
- onions - 1 pc.,
- garlic - 2 cloves,
- two medium tomatoes
- Beijing cabbage - 300 grams,
- boiled beans - 100 grams,
- dill, parsley - several branches,
- vegetable oil - 1 tablespoon,
- salt, ground black pepper - to taste.
Peel the tomato. To do this, they should be rinsed with boiling water, so the peel can be easily removed. Cut zucchini, onions and tomatoes into small cubes, place in a pan, pour in vegetable oil and simmer over low heat for five minutes.
After add chopped cabbage, chopped herbs and garlic, boiled beans, pour water, salt and pepper. Stew under the lid for 10 minutes. According to personal taste preferences, you can add or exclude some vegetables to the recipe.
The main thing is to take into account their individual cooking time.
You can cook a lighter vegetable side dish, such as stewed cabbage with mushrooms and rice. Almost all mushrooms have a low GI, of the order of 10 PIECES. To prepare four servings you need:
- white cabbage - 400 grams,
- champignon mushrooms - 300 grams,
- boiled brown rice - 250 grams (one glass),
- tomato juice with pulp - 150 ml,
- garlic - 1 clove,
- vegetable oil - 2 tablespoons,
- two bay leaves
- dill - 1 bunch,
- salt, ground black pepper - to taste.
Finely chop the cabbage and place on a preheated pan with vegetable oil, salt, simmer over low heat for five minutes. Mushrooms cut into four parts, it is better to choose medium-sized mushrooms. Add mushrooms to cabbage, add boiled rice and chopped garlic. Pour in tomato juice, pepper and simmer until tender, about 20 minutes.
A minute before the dishes are ready, add bay leaf and finely chopped greens. At the end of cooking, remove the bay leaf from the stewed cabbage.
Of course, shop sweets are most strictly forbidden for type 1 diabetics. But this fact does not mean at all that patients are deprived of desserts. Adhering to the right choice of products and their preparation, you can create many desserts that will not provoke an increase in blood sugar.
With type 1 diabetes, soufflé, sweet pastries, pancakes, jellies and even marmalade are allowed. All of these dishes are prepared with low GI foods. As a sweetener, you should choose a sweetener, for example, stevia or fructose.
If it is decided to bake flour products, then the use of flour in this case is unacceptable. Buckwheat, oat and rye flour is allowed. In general, all dessert dishes and pastries are best consumed in the morning.
The following is a basic test recipe. From it you can make buns, pies and butter biscuits.
- rye flour - 250 grams,
- oat flour - 250 grams,
- dry yeast - 1.5 teaspoons,
- warm water - 1 cup (200 ml),
- salt - on the tip of a knife,
- sunflower oil - 1.5 tablespoons,
- fructose to taste.
Combine all ingredients and knead elastic dough, send for one hour to a warm place. As a filling, you can use a variety of fruits - apricot, cherry, plum, strawberries, blueberries. The main thing is that the fruit filling is thick. Otherwise, it may leak out of the pies. The sheet should be covered with parchment paper.
Bake pies at a temperature of 180 ° C, in a preheated oven, for 30 to 40 minutes.
A rather useful dessert is jelly for diabetics, which is prepared without sugar.
The following products are needed:
- kefir - 400 ml,
- fat-free cottage cheese - 250 grams,
- instant gelatin - 15 grams,
- sweetener to taste,
- strawberries - 300 grams,
- zest of one lemon (optional).
Pour gelatin in a small amount of water at room temperature, mix thoroughly. After 30 minutes, put gelatin in a water bath and stir continuously until all lumps are removed. After allowing to cool.
Rub the cottage cheese through a sieve or beat on a blender, add sweetener. Kefir is heated a little and mixed with kefir, pour in a thin stream of gelatin. Lemon zest can be added to the curd if you want to give the jelly a citrus flavor.
Bring the strawberries to a puree state (beat), lay on the bottom of the molds and pour in the kefir mixture. Remove the jelly in a cold place, at least 3 hours.
In recipes, type 1 diabetics are allowed to replace sugar with honey of certain varieties - buckwheat, acacia and chestnut. Such beekeeping products usually have a GI of up to 50 PIECES.
In the video in this article, several recipes are presented for patients with type 1 diabetes.
